Early Life and Training
Benjamin West, a renowned Anglo-American history painter, was born on October 10, 1738, in Springfield, Pennsylvania. As the tenth child of an innkeeper, West's early life was marked by limited formal education but a strong inclination towards art. He began his artistic journey under the guidance of
The Westmoreland Museum of American Art, where he learned to mix clay with bear grease to create paint.
Notable Works and Associations
West's artistic prowess led him to work in Pennsylvania from 1746 to 1759, primarily focusing on portraits. His patron, William Henry, encouraged him to paint
The Death of Socrates, which significantly differed from the source and became known as "the most ambitious and interesting painting produced in colonial America." West's association with Dr. William Smith, provost of the College of Philadelphia, introduced him to John Wollaston, a famous painter who immigrated from London.
International Recognition and Royal Academy
West traveled to Italy in 1760, where he expanded his repertoire by copying works of Italian painters like Titian and Raphael. He met international neo-classical artists, including
Anton Rafael Mengs,
Gavin Hamilton, and
Angelica Kauffman. In 1763, West arrived in England, initially intending to visit on his way back to America but ultimately staying. He was introduced to Richard Wilson and Joshua Reynolds, leading figures in the art world.
Legacy and Royal Academy Presidency
West proposed a scheme to decorate St Paul's Cathedral with paintings, which was rejected by the Bishop of London. However, his idea for an altarpiece for St Stephen Walbrook was accepted. West received acclaim for his classical subjects, such as
Orestes and Pylades and
The Continence of Scipio. He became known in England as the "American Raphael" and was soon on good terms with King George III, discussing the state of art in England and the establishment of a Royal Academy.
Conclusion
Benjamin West's legacy as an Anglo-American history painter is a testament to his exceptional talent and dedication to the art world. His numerous works, including
The Fright of Astyanax and
The Cave of Despair, continue to inspire artists and art enthusiasts alike. As the second president of the Royal Academy in London, West's impact on the art world remains unparalleled.
Important Dates:
- Born: October 10, 1738
- Died: March 11, 1820
- Proposed scheme for St Paul's Cathedral: 1766
- Presidency of the Royal Academy: 1792-1805 and 1806-1820