Pirro Ligorio (c. 1510, Naples—died October 1583, Ferrara [Italy]) was an Italian architect, painter, landscaper, and antiquarian who designed the Villa d’Este at Tivoli for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este. He worked in Rome from 1534 to 1569 as a painter and architect, creating notable works such as the casino of Pope Pius IV and the villa d'Este. Ligorio was also known for his studies on ancient Roman antiquities and his creation of numerous fakes, including Latin inscriptions and other artifacts.