Fresco, a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ('wet') lime plaster, is an art media with a rich history dating back to antiquity. The word fresco (Italian: affresco) is derived from the Italian adjective fresco, meaning 'fresh'. Frescoes are characterized by their durability and ability to become an integral part of the wall, making them a popular choice for large-scale murals....
The Art Media Fresco
Fresco, a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ('wet') lime plaster, is an art media with a rich history dating back to antiquity. The word fresco (Italian: affresco) is derived from the Italian adjective
fresco, meaning 'fresh'. Frescoes are characterized by their durability and ability to become an integral part of the wall, making them a popular choice for large-scale murals.
History of Fresco
Fresco has been employed since antiquity, with notable examples found in ancient Egyptian tombs and the Minoan palace at Knossos in Crete. However, it is most closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting, where it was used to create some of the most famous works of art in history.
Technique
The technique of fresco involves applying pigments mixed with water to a thin layer of wet, fresh plaster called the intonaco. As the plaster dries, the pigment becomes fixed within it, creating a durable and long-lasting painting. The process requires careful planning and execution, as the artist must work quickly before the plaster dries.
Notable Frescoes
Some of the most famous frescoes in history include Michelangelo's
"The Creation of Adam" on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and Raphael's
"School of Athens" in the Vatican Palace. These works demonstrate the incredible detail and beauty that can be achieved through the fresco technique.
Fresco-secco
A related technique is
fresco-secco, where pigments mixed with an organic binder are applied to dry plaster. This technique allows for greater flexibility and retouchability, but lacks the durability of true fresco. Notable examples of fresco-secco include Giotto's
"Scrovegni Chapel" in Padua and Beohar Rammanohar Sinha's frescoes at the Shaheed-Smarak or India's Martyrs' Memorial Auditorium.
Conclusion
Fresco is a unique and beautiful art media that has been used for centuries to create stunning works of art. Its durability and ability to become an integral part of the wall make it a popular choice for large-scale murals, while its intricate technique requires careful planning and execution. From ancient Egypt to the Italian Renaissance and beyond, fresco has left a lasting impact on the world of art.
Bull-Leaping Fresco:
Fresco-secco:
"The Creation of Adam":
"School of Athens":
"Scrovegni Chapel":